Mr Ngum broke down in tears as he told the court he was protesting electoral reforms in 2016 when he was arrested by Gambian police and tortured by National Intelligence Agency (NIA) officials.

Modou Ngum, an alleged torture victim, testified before a Swiss court in the crimes against humanity trial of former Interior Minister Ousman Sonko on Tuesday.Mr Ngum broke down in tears as he told the court he was protesting electoral reforms in 2016 when he was arrested by Gambian police and tortured by National Intelligence Agency (NIA) officials

In April 2016, a rare protest broke out in Gambia while the country’s former President and 22-year dictator, Yahya Jammeh, was traveling.

The protest was led by a member of the opposition UDP—Ebrima Solo Sandeng— who was allegedly beaten to death in state custody. The event set off a series of protests and the arrest of more than 30 party members, including party leader Ousainu Darboe.

On the first day of protests, Mr Sandeng was arrested with at least 13 people—including Mr Ngum, and taken to NIA, where they were alleged to have been brutally tortured, leading to Mr Sandeng’s death.

At least five other people involved in the protests have died since 2017. Their relatives attributed their deaths to the torture they endured at the NIA.

Mr Ngum took the Swiss court into the NIA complex, describing the abhorrent conditions, and emotional and physical torture he says were meted out against him and others.

“They stripped me naked and took me to a room at the NIA,” Mr Ngum, who was 29 years old at the time, said. Mr Ngum told the court that Tamba Masireh, an NIA official found responsible by the High Court in Banjul for the torture of detainees, said they were going to kill him.

“The Junglers came. They beat me until I could not hear myself crying. They later threw me on the grass in an open courtyard. That was where I regained consciousness,” Mr Ngum said.

Mr Ngum said he was electrocuted on his genitals. The protesters were sentenced to a 3-year jail term, but Mr Ngum and several others could not appear in court for two weeks due to injuries allegedly caused by torture.

“They did not want the court to see me in that condition. That was why I was allowed to see a doctor,” he said. “They told us not to wear our clothes with which we were tortured. They bought us new clothes.”

Madi Ceesay, a lawmaker whose son Ebrima Ceesay was tortured and died shortly after, and Fatoumata Sandeng, the daughter of Solo Sandeng, who died in state custody, sat in tears in the courtroom.

Fatoumatta Jawara and Fatoumatta Camara, two torture victims expected to testify before the court, buried their heads in their hands and wiped their tears.

Sonko’s ‘responsibility’

Mr Sonko served as police chief under ex-President Jammeh from 2005 to 2006. In the latter part of 2006, he was appointed minister of interior, a position he held from November 2006 to February 2012 and from May 2012 to September 2016.

Mr Sonko was arrested in January 2017 in Switzerland where he sought asylum after falling out with Mr Jammeh in 2016. Swiss justice activists TRIAL International presented evidence of Mr Sonko’s alleged crimes to Swiss police.

The Swiss Attorney General’s office, along with 10 plaintiffs from Gambia, is accusing Mr Sonko of torture, murder, false imprisonment, rape, and deprivation of liberty, allegedly perpetrated against Gambians during Jammeh’s rule.

Swiss prosecutors are trying to prove Mr Sonko’s responsibility for torture through his participation in various investigation panels as inspector general or for ordering or abetting abuse as interior minister.

Mr Ngum told the court Mr Sonko was on the panel that oversaw his torture at the NIA and at the paramilitary barracks, where they were processed before being taken to the NIA.

“The police were under the command of Ousman Sonko, and he was present on the panel. And Sonko was there when I was asking for water to drink. It was refused,” said Mr Ngum. He also accused Mr Sonko and the jailed former head of the NIA, Yankuba Badgie, of ordering his transfer from police custody to the NIA, where he and others were tortured.

Mr Badgie and four former members of the NIA implicated in the torture of the protesters and the killing of Mr Sandeng were sentenced to death by a High Court in Banjul in July 2022.

Mr Sonko denies all wrongdoing. He faces a 20-year prison sentence, including the six years already served, if convicted.

The trial continues Wednesday.

This was a collaboration with New Narratives as part of the West Africa Justice Reporting Project.